Phramcology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Phramcology - Essay Example System Sympathetic Affect Parasympathetic Affect Clinical Condition CVS 1. Heart rate Increased 2. Vasoconstriction of vessels of skin 3. Vasodilatation of skeletal and cardiac vessels 1. Hear rate Decreased 2. Vasodilatation of vessels Bradycardia Respiratory System 1. Increased respiratory rate 2. Bronchodilatation Constriction of Bronchiolar Muscles Difficulty in Breathing Urinary Tract 1. Relaxation of bladder Walls 2. Constriction of sphincters 1. Contraction of bladder Walls 2. Relaxation of Sphincter Polyurea Genital Tract 1. Ejaculation 1. Penile Erection Excessive Erection Eye Contraction of pupil Relaxation of Pupil Mydriasis GIT 1. Relaxation of smooth muscles 2. Contraction of Sphincters 1. Contraction of smooth Muscles 2. Relaxation of Sphincters Increased Secretions 1. Diarrhea 2. Stomach Acidity Skin 1. Excessive sweat Glands Secretion 2.Pilomotor Erection No prominent effects Dry, hot Skin Workbook Activity 2 For each drug; in the first column, identify  ONE  para medic indication, then in the subsequent columns, list the molecular target involved in the identified interaction, the type of interaction (i.e. agonist / antagonist / allosteric modulator / inhibitor), and briefly explain how this interaction of the drug with the molecular target accounts for the observed therapeutic effect for that indication. Drug Paramedic Indication Drug Target Type of Interaction Therapeutic Effect Salbutamol Asthma ?2 adrenergic Receptor Agonist Bronchodilatation by activating beta-2 receptors in the lung. Adrenaline Shock Both Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Receptors Agonist Used Primarily in Cardiovascular Shock, Helps by activating Alpha receptors in the heart to increase its activity, also in the Lungs by activating beta-2 receptors in Asthma Fentanyl Analgesia Opioid receptors Agonist Not usually used now but acts mainly on the opiod receptors to cause Analgesia Ondansetron Nausea, Vomiting 5HT3 Serotonin Receptors Antagonist Used mainly during surgeries and chemotherapy and helps in decreasing Nausea and Vomiting Midazolam Seizures GABA receptors Agonist Emergency management of Seizures/Epilepsy, Act by activating GABA inhibitory receptors thus decreasing nerve impulse conduction and treating seizures Ipratropium Asthma Muscarinic Receptors Antagonist Acts at the Muscarinic Receptors in the lung to cause bronchodilatation and treating Acute Asthma Atropine Parasympathetic Poisoning Muscarinic Receptors Antagonist Used as a mydriatic agent in eye, also used in the emergency management of excessive parasympathetic activity in case of poisoning Adenosine Cardiac Arrhythmias Potassium and Calcium channels in heart Agonist at first while antagonist at the second receptor Used mainly in Cardiac Arrhythmias due to its affects on the Potassium (Agonist) and Calcium Channels (Antagonist) Ketamine Anesthesia NMDA receptor Antagonist Used to induce anesthesia in which the person remains conscious but is unresponsive (Dissociative Anesthesia) Nal oxone Opioid poisoning Opioid Receptors Antagonist Used majorly in the emergency management of opium poisoning because of its rapid blocking of opioid receptors and reversing the affects Aspirin Anti Inflammatory Several Receptors in the body Agonist at some and antagonist at others Used in the treatment of Pyrexia and Inflammation Work Book activity 3 In this workbook learning activity you will need to recreate and complete the following table in your workbook, considering the drugs used in your clinical practice as a paramedic: In the first column, list  FIVE  receptors from different classes, then list their endogenous agonist(s) in the second column. In the

Strategic Analysis and Choice Invastigation Essay

Strategic Analysis and Choice Invastigation - Essay Example This is done through strategic management in order to contemplate its resources and exploit its opportunities. An example of organization facing these challenges is the coca-cola company, which is a multinational company. This paper will give an analysis of its strategic choices as the company strives to compete with others to win the majority of the customers. Coca-cola Company is one of the most successful companies that need to lay down some fundamental strategies in order to promote its growth and sustainability. It is the leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage in the world. The company believes that consumers are the life of their business. It operates in more than two hundred countries with four hundred brands. These brands include water, juice drinks, coffees, teas, sports drinks, energy drinks, diet beverage and many others. They connect to future consumer by providing high quality products. Their employees are skilled and the materials they use are of high quality. The Company can collaborate with other bottling organizations to venture into many countries with maximizing value through affordable price and volume approach. In order to develop its marketing strategies, the company has integrated its operations into a single unit. This has been done through management approaches that enable the company to realize the business objectives and promote quality customer relationship. The marketing strategies are essential to fulfill the vision in the future and to fulfill the need for a complete drink taste in all the countries. They have successfully communicated to the market status for the required development of the company in many countries since the company has produced excellent operating revenues as it continue to outpace the cola soft-drinks. Its top management has promoted increase in sales and market shares with strong business presentation (Daniel, Wassell, & Gilligan 1999, 46-8). The new marketing platform 'Real' coca- cola will help in enhancing the image of the brand, especially among teens and adults worldwide through reinforcing a genuine connection to the customers and partnership of other sectors. The enhanced brand will provide better market opportunities for their products and hence the company will create enthusiasm for their business partners and retailers. They have also customized flavors and packaging styles with the brand maintaining the premium price comparative to the competitive brands. Good marketing strategies and planning are essential for the company's development so that the company gives its best to their business in its totality. Quality management would ensure that the company is well-positioned hence meet the customers' needs and continue to experience strong growth through new goods and stretched distribution. Coca- cola may highlight their operating sector to work with other partners like bottling partners in order to accomplish the price strategies that would reinforce their financial results, provide customers with choices that would satisfy their needs and deliver value for the consumers. The coca- cola company can integrate the possible required steps for the development of effective strategies that is responsive to the needs of the customers worldwide. Their perfect structure reflects the way